Grammar · beginner

Japanese Particles は が を に で — Complete JLPT N5 Guide

Master the five essential Japanese particles: は (wa), が (ga), を (wo), に (ni), で (de). Clear explanations with example sentences for JLPT N5.

Japanese particles are small words placed after nouns to show their grammatical role. The five core particles for JLPT N5 are は (topic), が (subject), を (object), に (direction/time/location of existence), and で (location of action/means). Understanding particles is the key to building correct Japanese sentences.

Key Vocabulary

JapaneseRomajiMeaning
はwatopic marker
がgasubject marker
をwo/oobject marker
にnidirection / time / location marker
でdelocation of action / means marker

Example Sentences

  • わたし は がくせい です
    watashi wa gakusei desu
    I am a student (topic: I)
  • ねこ が います
    neko ga imasu
    There is a cat (subject: cat)
  • パン を たべます
    pan wo tabemasu
    I eat bread (object: bread)
  • がっこう に いきます
    gakkou ni ikimasu
    I go to school (direction: school)

Study Tips

  • 1は marks the topic (what the sentence is about)
  • 2が marks the subject (who/what does the action)
  • 3を marks the direct object (what receives the action)
  • 4に marks destination, time, or existence location; で marks where actions happen

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